在北京生活和工作的小伙伴们，应该都会注意到北京今年对“开墙打洞”行为整治的力度。
除了排除建筑物的安全隐患，这个行动还和北京的未来密切相关。同时，这也标志着北京城市规划和管理开始向规范与有序方面发展。
The Beijing government launched a citywide campaign in 2017 to patch up unauthorized modifications to the walls of residential buildings, which were made to allow businesses to operate from such properties. In addition to removing safety hazards, the campaign is aimed at making the city a better capital.
“开墙打洞”是指居民楼的底层或者胡同四合院“由居改商”的现象。
这些未经批准擅自改变房屋原有结构的行为往往还伴随着违章建筑向街面的公共空间延伸。
从上世纪80年代末90年代初开始，随着改革开放和经济发展，很多居民区都出现一层居住用房改造成商铺的现象。
这些改造后的“店铺”比正规的商用楼店铺租金便宜，渐渐地，各种小店多了起来。
Landlords began converting ground-floor apartments and Beijing’s traditional courtyard homes for private businesses in the 1980s after China launched its reform and opening-up policy. The rent was much cheaper than for commercial spaces.
今年年初北京市公布的“疏解整治促提升”专项行动方案明确，整治“开墙打洞”与疏解区域性专业市场、疏解部分公共服务功能、地下空间和群租房整治等10项措施，是疏解非首都功能，优化首都发展布局，降低中心城区人口密度，推动京津冀协同发展的必然要求。
北京整治"开墙打洞”
2017年前7个月，北京市整治“开墙打洞”23390处。北京市政府表示，以后将对新增违法建筑“零容忍”。
More than 23,390 sites that had been changed without approval were dealt with by the end of July, according to the city government, which has also warned that new illegal or unauthorized constructions will not be tolerated.
整治后，居民都感觉到生活环境发生了明显的变化。生活在有名的三里屯“脏街”附近的田利明颇有感触。
Residents have seen obvious changes in their communities since the campaign was launched.
三里屯南42号居民楼是“脏街”的核心，在三里屯生活了近50年的田利明是看着这个居民楼长出“瘤子”的。他说的“瘤子”就是“开墙打洞”后延伸到街道上的各种店铺。
An apartment building at No 42 Sanlitun South lies at the center of Beijing’s so-called Dirty Street. Tian Liming, who has lived in the area for 50 years, described the small businesses — bars, nail salons and DVD shops — that once inhabited these apartments as aggressive tumors.
60岁的田利明说：
“那些小店多的，你根本看不到这栋居民楼的外墙。居民们都很担心这栋楼的结构遭到了破坏。”
“It had reached a point that people weren’t able to see the exterior walls of the building. Residents started to worry the building’s structural integrity was damaged, bringing safety hazards.”
他还深知这条街为什么会被叫做“脏街”。“店里的垃圾和脏水都被直接泼到街上，再加上晚上喝醉的人的呕吐物和尿，于是街道变得又臭又粘。”他说。
“Soon, the street in front of the residential building was constantly covered in trash, as well as vomit and urine from the people who got drunk in the bars at night. It became smelly and sticky. That’s when people started calling it Dirty Street.”
4月24日，作为北京整治“开墙打洞”工作的一部分，三里屯南42号居民楼的违章建筑统一被拆除了，一共33家沿街商户被整顿。田利民也在现场。
On April 24, 33 businesses based in apartments with unauthorized modifications had their walls restored to the original design.
他说，有些人说脏街的辉煌不再了，但是他们眼里的辉煌在居民眼里却是多年的噩梦。
Some have said the campaign has resulted in the street losing its glory. But for years, those small businesses, which some visitors treasured, have been a nightmare for residents.
“有的居民因为楼里酒吧的噪音问题，一晚上曾经报了五次警。”
“A friend of mine living in the building called the police five times one night to complain about the loud noise from the bars below,” Tian said.
整治后，居民楼的原貌被恢复了，以前小店占用的公共空间变成了绿化带。以前被迫搬走的居民也开始搬了回来。脏街周边的警情也比改造前减少了三分之一。
After the renovation, the people who were forced to move out began to move back. Crime in the street also decreased by a third.
开墙打洞开店、开餐馆和酒吧的情况在北京传统的胡同里也很常见，这些店虽然很受游客欢迎但是却给居民造成了困扰。同时，开墙打洞对胡同风貌破坏很大，恢复起来也更难。
Sanlitun is far from being the only area in which the walls of residential buildings were torn down to make entrances for shops, restaurants and bars. It also happened in the city’s traditional alleyways. Again, these businesses were popular with visitors, but a nuisance to neighbors.
新街口街道副主任魏九红表示对于胡同来说，在整治“开墙打洞”行为的同时更要重视对传统风貌的恢复。
Wei Jiuhong, deputy director of the Xinjiekou subdistrict authority, said it was important to maintain Beijing’s traditional alleyways, known as hutong, during the campaign.
他说：
“不可否认，有些市场和商铺也因此搬离了胡同，所以要有措施来不让居民感到生活变得不方便。”
“Some small businesses, like grocery stores and restaurants, have decided to relocate because of the campaign, but it shouldn’t cause residents inconvenience.”
为了解决这个问题，截至今年7月底，北京市共新建和规范提升蔬菜零售、便利店、早餐等基本便民商业网点超过3000个。
To accommodate people’s needs, more than 3,000 grocery stores, convenience stores and restaurants were built or upgraded by the end of July.
北京的目标是成为国际一流的和谐宜居之都，这对北京的城市规划和管理提出了更高的要求。目前北京进行的疏解整治工作都是为了后期的提升，让我们一起期待中国首都的升级版吧。